نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1392)

Seeking cosmetic surgery has been a mental strategy to avoid reality. This multidimensional concept depended on many factors such as personality traits and defensive styles of people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive factors of seeking cosmetic surgery among the candidates. The method of the research­ was correlation، and the implementation of questionnaires was individual. Using method of available sampling، form 80 people who referred to cosmetic clinics of Yazd city in 2011 for cosmetic surgery was asked to voluntarily complete NEO personality traits and defensive styles inventories. Also، 80 non-volunteers person referring to the above clinics were determined as control group. For analyzing of data، logistic regression and multiple ANCOVA were used. The findings of the present research demonstrated that the three factors including marital status، the level of mother’s education and neurotic defensive styles were strong predictors for the tendency to the cosmetic surgery. Also، the results of comparison between volunteer and non-volunteer people of the same sex demonstrated that، with the control of age effect and person education، there was any significant difference between males of two groups in personality traits، but they were different in terms of immature defensive styles (P=0. 02). There was no significant difference between the females of two groups in personality traits too; whereas، they were different in terms of immature (P=0. 03) and neurotic (P=0. 02) defensive styles. Motivation for the seeking cosmetic surgery was the combination of psychological، emotional and familial factors، and ego defenses were used­ as regulator psychological mechanisms of the maladapted traits and negative emotions.

About 10 percent of country addicts are women. Important issue in the investigating of women dependency to substance is mental disorders including anxiety and depression which is an effective agent in tendency of women toward substance and also، It can be a consequence of dependence. The aim of this study was to investigate anxiety and depression in substance dependence young women in Mashhad city. This case-control study was done on 236 girls and young women aged 16-25 years، including three groups: vulnerable women of substance dependence، invulnerable women of substance dependece and control groups which were selected with Classified random sampling method in 2012. The entire subjects signed an informed consent to participate in the study. Gathered data included demographic characteristics، socioeconomic status and anxiety and depression based on the Beck anxiety and depression inventories which were analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population study، and the most appropriate parametric (t-test، ANOVA) and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney، Kruskal-Wallis) were used for comparisons. Anxiety and its severity in substance dependence person (vulnerable and not vulnerable groups) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0. 001)، but it was not significant between the two substance dependence groups (P=0. 05). Depression and its severity in substance dependence person (vulnerable and not vulnerable groups) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0. 001)، but was not significant between the two substance dependence groups (P=0. 07). It was a significant relationship between substance dependence and the level of depression and anxiety، severity of them and vulnerability of women.

The present research focuses on the effectiveness of group mindfulness training on reducing symptoms of psychopathology and electrocardiographic changes in patients with coronary heart disease. 22 men suffering from coronary heart disease among the study population (men with coronary heart disease who were referred to the Heshmat hospital in Rasht) were selected by consecutive sampling and were assigned randomly into an experimental group and a control group (11 participants in each group). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)، Hostility measures in Check List-90 revised (SCL-90-R)، and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were performed For symptoms of psychopathology as pre-tests for each group. To evaluate the effectiveness of the mindfulness on electrocardiographic changes، before and after the intervention of mindfulness، electrocardiography was taken from the patients. After 8 training sessions of mindfulness based cognitive therapy for experimental group، in order to measure the dependent variables، the tools described above، were repeated as post-tests for both group. The data was studied by analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that there were significant differences (P<0. 0001) between the experimental and control group in post-test scores of depression، hostility and stait-trait anxiety whereas training of the mindfulness has no significant impact on electrocardiographic indices (P>0. 05). According to the results، group mindfulness training has a significant effect on reduction of symptoms of psychopathology in men with coronary heart disease. The clinical implications are discussed.

Self-esteem is considered the evaluative component of the self-concept and the first name is a part of individual self with tremendous effect on his identity. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between first name and global self-esteem with respect of sex differences in university students. The survey method was used. The sample size of the study consisted 400 Azad university students of Hamadan Branch who were selected through stratified random sampling according to their gender، academic level and field of study in academic year 2011-2012. The instrument was Coopersmith questionnaire with 58 close-ended responses. The findings were analyzed through ANOVA، one way and two way between groups analysis، t-test for independent groups، Levens’ Test of homogeneity of variance and Tukeys’ Post Hoc. The results revealed that global self-esteem average score of university students was 31. 91±6. 91 with no sex differences (P=0. 747); but the kind of first name was highly related to global self-esteem (P=0. 013) regardless of students gender، and the self-esteem of students with Islamic names was the highest and Iranian and western names were in order. Self-esteem of university students was correlated with their first names regardless of their gender and with respect of our culture students with Islamic names had best self-esteem scores and western had worse.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most disabled anxiety disorders. Due to the increasing of anxiety level which has seen during pregnancy، the aim of this study was to investigate frequency and severity of obsessive- compulsive disorders before marriage، during pregnancy and postpartum periods in women who referred to health centers of Mashhad in 2012، This descriptive-comparative study was performed on 900 women (500 before marriage، 200 pregnant and 200 postpartum) who referred to health centers of Mashhad in 2012، based on multi-stage sampling. Data were collected by Moudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory، Yale Brown obsessive-compulsive and Edinburg depression. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytic statistics. The frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorders in non-pregnant women was 4%، pregnant 18. 5% and postpartum 24%. The 3 groups had a significant difference with each other (P=0. 000). Mean standard scores (0 to 100) of obsessive-compulsive disorders، in four fields included doubt، revision، slow and washing was 70. 0، 61. 1، 44. 3 and 40. 9، respectively. Mean scores of obsessive-compulsive severity in non-pregnant women was 15. 9±7. 1، pregnant 20. 6±4. 5 and postpartum 20. 9±5. 1، in addition the difference between groups was significant (P=0. 007). According to the results، women in pregnancy and postpartum periods are associated with increased risk of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder. So it is necessary that national health authorities attended to mental health of mothers in pregnancy and postpartum periods.

Meditation in the west culture is a mindfulness practice to achieve peace or progress of spiritual and in ethics and Islamic mysticism، it means self cleaning to reach God. According to performed research، meditation can physically make changes in the brain structure including Hypocampus and brain stem، which، considering performance of these parts، positive performance of meditation in learning improvement، memory، emotional control، making new neurons، anxiety disorders and mood and sleep disorders. Base on culture and religious factors of our country، using meditation can be effective in decreasing symptoms of some psychiatric disorders and Improving mental health of population.

This study has been done to comparing the validity and clinical scales of Minnesota multifaceted personality-adolescent (MMPI-A) and life event scale (LES) and determining a cut point of Iranian adolescent. Within an applied survey design،the final version of MMPI-A was administrated on the 2،018 adolescents (975 boys and 1043 girls) in the five largest provinces (Tehran، Khorasan-e-Razavi، Fars، Isfahan and East-Azarbayjan). The clinical sample including 73 outpatient samples with age range 14-18، whom all had diagnosed in axes I or II bases on DSM-IV-TR criteria، and clinical interview by schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school age children. The MANOVA and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis statistics were applied for data analysis. There were significant difference between normal and clinical groups based on validity scales; variable response inconsistency، true response inconsistency، infrequency، infrequency 1، infrequency 2، lie، Kclinical scales; hypochondriasis، depression، hysteria، psychopathic deviate، masculinity/femininity، paranoia، psychoasthenia، schizophrenia، hypomania، social introversion، life event scale (P<0. 01). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was run to determine optimum cut points to discrimination of clinical and normal subjects. According to the findings، discriminate validity of validity and clinical scales of MMPI-A، and LES in both normal and clinical groups was satisfied. The T score equal to 65 had satisfied sensitivity and specify for diagnose in both group. The clinical application of MMPI-A was acceptable in Iranian community and can serve as a tool for clinical evaluation and screening.

Neurofeedback has been used for diagnosis and treatment of different disorders; in addition، it has been used for improvement of healthy person''s daily activities and its quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training on the rate attention in track and field athletes.

This clinical trial study was performed with pre and post-tests along with control and placebo groups. Therefore 36 track and field athletics was chosen voluntarily and purposefully، the subjects was selected randomly in 3 groups that each of the group had 12 members (experimental، placebo and control). Intervention was made in a form of increased beta-wave in Cz and Fz over 12 sessions. Attention was evaluated by software of attention test. For data analysis، Kolmogorov–Smirnov test، One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc (LSD) were used.

One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant relationship between the actual neurofeedback training and increasing athletes’ attention in different groups (P=0. 002). Post-Hoc test revealed a significant discrepancy between interventional group and control group (P=0. 003) and interventional group and Placebo group (P=0. 002); while، there was no significant difference between Placebo group and control group (P=0. 249). The result demonstrated a significant difference between training and increasing attention in the experimental group.

Considering to the positive effect of nerofeedback، perhaps this method can be used as auxiliary training when skills education for increasing learning and improving athletes’ attention.